Insight on Conflict » Ruairi Nolan

Jason Stearns: elections, minerals and impunity in DRC

Ruairi Nolan — Tue, 21 Jun 2011 15:25:49 +0000

Jason Stearns is the author of a new book, Dancing in the Glory of Monsters: The Collapse of the Congo and the Great War of Africa. He has worked on the conflict in the Congo for the past ten years, including work for the United Nations and the International Crisis Group. He originally started work in DRC for the human rights group Heritiers de la Justice. His blog, Congo Siasa, is perhaps the best source for up to date news and analysis on Congolese politics.

Jason joined us on Skype for an exclusive interview to discuss his new book and the different challenges facing DR Congo today, including the upcoming elections, the role of minerals in the conflict and impunity for crimes committed during the Congolese Wars.

If you wish to download the interview, you can do so by right-clicking on this link and saving the file: Jason Stearns interview

The interview is also available as a podcast (search ‘Insight on Conflict’ on iTunes).

Interview by Ruairi Nolan, June 2011.

No related posts.

Talk on ‘the Nonviolent Soldier of Islam’

Ruairi Nolan — Thu, 20 Jan 2011 17:18:40 +0000

Late notice, but for anyone living in Bradford, UK, tonight (20 January) there will be a public illustrated talk on ‘The Nonviolent soldier of Islam, Abdul Ghaffar Khan’ in Manningham. This giant of a man (in all ways) fought nonviolently for independence from the British and was especially active between 1910-1940 in the Khyber Pukhoonkhawa province of what was to be Pakistan. He was a Pashtun political and spiritual leader, a lifelong pacifist, and a devout Muslim. He was a champion of womens’ rights. Nor did he lose faith in the compatibility of Islam and nonviolence.

The talk will be given by Ali Gohar of Just Peace International.

For more information, please see the attached flyer (Word file). For those who aren’t able to make the talk, we will soon publish an article with more information on this fascinating figure.

Creating Sustainable Peace in South Thailand Many of the problems that have contributed to the violence...
Creating Sustainable Peace in South Thailand Faith Community Network The Faith Community Network helps communities in...
Facebook and YouTube Blocked in Pakistan On the morning of 19 May 2010, internet users in...

Guatemala added – and a happy Christmas from Insight on Conflict!

Ruairi Nolan — Thu, 23 Dec 2010 17:13:06 +0000

We’re really pleased to add that we have just added Guatemala to Insight on Conflict. We’ve started off with a selection of 11 peacebuilding organisations there, and will be adding more in the new year. Our many thanks to Soluciones Comunitarias, who have done a fantastic job in gathering the information on these groups.

We’d also like to wish everyone a happy Christmas, and all the very best for 2011 too!

The Insight on Conflict Editorial Team

Sign-up Complete the form below to sign up for the Insight...
Contact Us This site is designed to be a useful resource on...
Internet For Peace Here at Insight on Conflict we're naturally big believers in...

Gender, Conflict and the Millennium Development Goals

Ruairi Nolan — Tue, 30 Nov 2010 12:49:09 +0000

In 2000, two separate policy frameworks were launched: the Millennium Development Goals (MDG), and UN Security Council resolution 1325, which calls for increased participation of women in peacebuilding. Ten years on, progress on both remains far from what was hoped for. Furthermore there are insufficient links between the security and development agendas, according to a new report from Women For Women International, ’Gender, Conflict and the Millennium Development Goals’. Their survey found that women remain largely excluded from peace negotiations – in fact, they were entirely excluded as either signatories, mediators, witnesses or negotiators in five recent cases - Somalia (2002), Cote D’Ivoire (2003), Nepal (2006), the Philippines (2007) and the Central African Republic (2008). As well as calling for greater participation for women in peace processes, which might be seen as top-down peacebuilding, the report also calls for a ‘local-level approach recognises that minority or marginalised groups of women (widows, for example) play an important role in peacebuilding and development.’

Based on literature reviews, questionnaires and interviews with southern NGOs, the report is short but with clear findings and recommendations that will be of interest to anyone working on either development or peacebuilding issues.

Click on the image to download Gender, Conflict and the Millennium Development Goals (pdf).

Ruairi Nolan, Insight on Conflict, 30 November 2010.

December 2010 Connecting community security and DDR; When is international peacemaking illegal?;...
2010/12: December Newsletter Connecting community security and DDR: Experiences from Burundi This report...
2010/06: June Newsletter Latest Consultation Report from CDA The Reflecting on Peace Practice...

Peace Day in Pakistan: Growing Militancy Versus Growing Efforts for Peace

Ruairi Nolan — Wed, 06 Oct 2010 13:26:32 +0000

Growing militancy and extremism is increasing the sense of insecurity among the civilians of Pakistan, which is very obvious from the recent incidents in Pakistan. The killing of civilians – two motorcyclists and one cyclist – by the personnel of law enforcing agencies has led to an atmosphere of fear and insecurity in the city. The kidnapping of Vice-Chancellor of Islamia College Peshawar, a major Educational Institute and the blowing up of three Schools in the suburbs of Peshawar are viewed as clear attacks on “Youth Education” by militants. The increasing militancy has fuelled the need among civil society to speed up their efforts for promoting peace at local, national, and political level. A number of activities were thus organized by the civil society organizations of Pakistan around International Day of Peace to highlight the importance of Peace in the country and to build momentum for peace among young people.

Aware Girls celebrated International Peace Day on 21st September by organizing a Peace Education Workshop with 50 young people. The young people were educated about peace, tolerance, non-violence, conflict resolution, the history of conflicts in Pakistan, and about the role of young people in promoting peace. The participants were very motivated to play their role as “Agents of Peace” in the country; they developed a plan of action for a movement to combat extremism and terrorism in the country.

Another organization, Chanan Development Association, tried to use a National Youth Peace Festival to build a country-wide momentum among young people for promoting peace and inter-cultural harmony. 500 young people from all around the Pakistan gathered to show their commitment to promoting peace and combating extremism. In the opening ceremony of the 1st NYPF 2010, Executive Director of Chanan Development Association (CDA), Muhammad Shahzad Khan said that the theme of the festival, “Together we are the SOLUTION!” is being selected to promote national integrity amongst the young people living in different provinces. He added that the young people possess the great ability to provide innovative solutions to the old problems, and for their potential needs to be channelized in a positive and constructive manner.

On 23rd September, Amn Tehrik, an organization which has been advocating for peace and Pakhtuns rights, arranged a seminar on kidnapping and target killing at press club on Thursday wherein the speakers jointly condemned the rampant rate of kidnappings and target killings. Members of civil society, activists of political parties and journalists participated in the Conference and gave vent to their serious resentment over the negligence of government and the role of military in politics and held military responsible for all the chaos in the region. Speaking on this occasion various participants lamented the state policy. The civil society and activists of political parties condemned the kidnappings especially the recent kidnapping of Vice-Chancellor of Islamia College Peshawar, and the silence in the civil and political society over these kidnappings, they also condemned an incident in which the personnel of law enforcing agencies killed two innocent civilian motorcyclists and cyclists in Peshawar.

The speakers stressed the constructive role of civil society and political activists in the nourishment of peace and democracy. The activists jointly passed a resolution wherein they demanded that investigations into targeted killings, from the first killing (of Liaqat Alli Khan, the first ever prime minister of Pakistan), to the latest incidents. The guilty parties should be known to the public of Pakistan.

Gulalai Ismail, Aware Girls, September 2010

Chanan Development Association (CDA)

CDA is a youth-led development organisation with a number of peacebuilding programmes. Their head office is in Lahore, with sub-offices in Karachi, Quetta and Peshawar.

Aware Girls

Aware Girls is working to end the destructive process of radicalisation by utilising one of the most vital, yet neglected resources in the country – young women.

Peace Day in Pakistan: Growing Militancy Versus Growing Efforts for Peace Growing militancy and extremism is increasing the sense of insecurity...
Chanan Development Association (CDA) Chanan Development Association (CDA) is a non-profit, non-governmental, secular youth...
Pakistan Institute of Labour Education & Research (PILER) The Pakistan Institute of Labour Education & Research (PILER) was...

Interview with Séverine Autesserre

Ruairi Nolan — Fri, 01 Oct 2010 13:00:26 +0000

We’re very pleased to today release an interview with Séverine Autesserre, author of a new book, The Trouble With The Congo. Based on more than 330 interviews, it argues that international intervention in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in recent years has been deeply flawed because it has focused on national and regional-level tensions and ignored the grassroots causes of violence. The book also suggests a new approach for peacebuilding to avoid such mistakes in the future. Séverine has kindly agreed to discuss her findings with Insight on Conflict.

If you wish to download the interview, you can do so by right-clicking on this link and saving the file: Séverine Autesserre Interview

The book is available for purchase from Cambridge University Press.

Ruairi Nolan, Insight on Conflict. 1 October 2010.

The Trouble With The Congo – Interview with Séverine Autesserre Séverine Autesserre is the author of a new book, The...
Jason Stearns: elections, minerals and impunity in DRC Jason Stearns is the author of a new book, Dancing...
October 2010 Learning to Build Sustainable Peace: Ownership and Everyday Peacebuilding; Civil...

Peace through health in DR Congo

Ruairi Nolan — Tue, 28 Sep 2010 15:00:39 +0000

‘Peace through health’ (PtH) is a relatively new movement in the world of peacebuilding, but according to a new study of an organisation in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), it’s one that has potential to make a real impact in regions affected by conflict. Healing Africa? Reflections on the peace-building role of a health-based NGO operating in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo, by Nicole D’Errico, Chris Wake and Rachel Wake was published this year in the journal Medicine, Conflict and Survival, and looks at the work of the organisation HEAL Africa. Chris Wake kindly agreed to discuss the article with Insight on Conflict, and Nicole D’Errico generously provided the photos used.

The premise for ‘peace through health’ (PtH) is a rather simple one. As the authors point out in their article, “war, by definition, is a public health problem, [so therefore] it follows that part of the solution lies in the hands of public health practitioners.” Practitioners of PtH have also developed an elegant parallel between the treatment of conflicts and the treatment of diseases, as “both relate to the management of risks”, according to Chris. “You can take measures to reduce the likelihood of a disease breaking out (‘primary’ care); you can treat its immediate effects (‘secondary’) or provide rehabilitation afterwards (‘tertiary’). The same can also be said for responding to violent conflict. It’s an analogy that can probably be taken too far, but it’s useful when thinking about the potential role of the healthcare sector in peacebuilding activities.”

But if the theory behind Peace through Health can be readily understood, “there is a lack of detailed case-studies to demonstrate whether it can really be effective or not on the ground. So we decided to investigate in more depth an organisation that puts these ideas into practice.” Chris had previously written on the conflict in DRC and given its burgeoning reputation for branching out into the peacebuilding field, HEAL Africa seemed a natural choice for study. Rachel and Chris travelled to Goma in Eastern DRC in 2009 to carry out a short piece of field research. Here they met Nicole, who was working full-time with HEAL Africa and became their co-author.

There are few places in the world more in need of both better healthcare and greater peacebuilding efforts than DRC. According to the International Rescue Committee, over 5.4 million people have died in DRC since 1998 and the start of the Second Congolese War; and almost half of these are children under the age of 5. In fact, the majority of deaths are not victims of direct violence but have died from preventable diseases, because of the near-total collapse of the health system and the chronic insecurity that has left hundreds of thousands of people internally displaced. HEAL Africa is based in Goma, the largest city in the east of the country, the region which has seen the most devastating impacts of the war. Originally opening as a hospital offering training to Congolese doctors (under the name “Doctors on Call for Service”), HEAL Africa’s staff realised than many health gains from their work would be lost without peace. They therefore expanded their mandate and started a number of programmes that would normally be considered peacebuilding activities. As with their healthcare work designed to combat disease and physical injuries, their peacebuilding programmes can be said to operate at three different levels – primary, secondary and tertiary. HEAL’s community-level programmes seek to reduce the risks of the onset of conflict via ‘primary’ interventions, through for example working to alleviate inter-ethnic tensions or to create meaningful employment opportunities. At the ‘secondary’ level, HEAL Africa works to provide direct treatment for victims of the conflict in DRC, for example through providing surgical treatment to rape victims and trauma care to others affected by conflict. In 2008, ‘in-patient’ care was provided for more than 3,000 people suffering from different health problems generated during the conflict and mass migrations. At the ‘tertiary’ level, HEAL Africa works to rehabilitate people and communities from the effects of conflict, such as through intervening to help resolve land disputes from the conflict. Their ‘Gender and Justice’ legal assistance programme helps victims of rape bring their cases to court, aiming to contribute to an end to impunity for sexual violence.

HEAL Africa’s holistic approach to peacebuilding is well suited to the Congo, according to Chris: “DRC is often defined as ‘post-conflict’, but in fact it is not that simple, and there are significant areas suffering from conflict today or which may be impacted by new forms of conflict in the future – in some senses it could be defined as a region that is post-conflict, mid-conflict and even pre-conflict all at once.”

The authors avoid making large claims for the achievements of HEAL Africa, noting that measuring success in peacebuilding is notoriously difficult and that “in the case of HEAL Africa, there are few systematic studies available on the outcomes of its projects, making an assessment of their ‘success rate’ very difficult to gauge”. However, they do identify four reasons to explain why HEAL Africa might have managed to branch out into peacebuilding work apparently so successfully:

1. they have managed to build a reputation for neutrality, working with a range of ethnic groups in the region;

2. their health work gives them tremendous access to remote communities, Internally Displaced People’s camps and the local population in Goma;

3. their health work gives them a great degree of legitimacy in the eyes of the local population, a rare commodity in conflict situations;

4. being based around a permanent hospital run by local staff, HEAL Africa has a long-term presence in the region, unlike some external peacebuilding efforts.

The authors also identify some limitations to the HEAL Africa model. In particular, as healthcare remains its core area of work, its other peacebuilding functions are sometimes cut back when there needs to be a trade-off between hospital treatment and other peacebuilding programmes, which can be frustrating for its staff. Overall though, the article paints a hopeful picture of the potential for healthcare professionals to proactively go beyond their traditional roles to make a valuable contribution to effective peacebuilding projects in local communities.

As noted above, Chris had previously written on the conflict in DRC; his 2008 essay Bringing the Local Back Into The DRC’s ‘Post’ Conflict Transition: What Role Should Local Solutions Play In Bringing Peace To The Congo? (pdf) was one of the winning essays in RUSI’s Nelson Mandela Essay Competition. In this Chris argued that, given the limitations of national-level efforts to end the violence in DRC, more attention should be paid both to the local causes of violence and to local-level solutions to conflict. Did his experiences studying HEAL Africa reinforce his belief that local conflict resolution should play a key role in DRC? “My time in Goma definitely emphasised the relevance of local conflict drivers in the context of the DRC, and showed me how grassroots groups can make a really important contribution in combating those local dynamics. The situation in DRC is extremely complex, and there is of course a need for stable, accountable government and both national and regional level peacebuilding. But the work of organisations such as HEAL Africa in local communities will be crucial to an improvement of the current situation in DRC because so many of the key causes of the conflict there originate at local levels”.

Ruairi Nolan, Insight on Conflict, 6 October 2010

HEAL Africa

HEAL Africa is a hospital in Goma DRC that has developed to provide a range of peacebuilding programmes throughout North Kivu. It is an innovative example of 'peace through health'.

Photos supplied by Nicole D’Errico. Most photos are from the ‘Safe Motherhood’ and ‘Nehemaiah’ programmes of HEAL Africa.

Building Peace Through Healthcare in DRC ‘Peace through health’ (PtH) is a relatively new movement in...
Peace Exchange in Goma, DR Congo Last week was a very exciting one for Insight on...
Cohabitation and Survival in the Peace Village of Muriza “In our village, there is neither returnee nor IDPs, we...

Walking Barefoot for Peace in Uganda

Ruairi Nolan — Thu, 23 Sep 2010 16:59:11 +0000

Several thousands of people around the world took off their shoes and walked barefoot for kilometres to advocate for peace in northern Uganda and all areas affected by the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA). The walk was to mark the International Day of Peace and was organised by the International Refugee Trust and local peacebuilders in northern Uganda. The UN in 1981 declared September 21 as an International Day of Peace to commemorate and strengthen the ideals of peace within and among all nations and people, and a day of global cease-fire and non-violence.

In Gulu District, a district heavily affected by 20 years of LRA insurgency, several hundreds of people marched silently barefoot. According to Nicole Fehr of the Acholi Religious Leaders Peace Initiative (ARLPI) and who participated in the march: “It was good to celebrate the international day of peace this way”. The march was graced by Bishop Gakuma, as the chief walker. Gakuma was recently elected as the new chairman of the ARLPI, which is a leading voice for inter-faith peacebuilding in northern Uganda. The march kicked off in front of the Gulu district council yard and went through Gulu town, punctuated by speeches appealing for peace. It ended at the Kawunda Ground. Archbishop John Baptist Odama, former chair of ARLPI, also spoke and participated.

The march was symbolic, a way for concerned citizens of the world to show support for victims of LRA atrocities in northern Uganda, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DR Congo), Southern Sudan and the Central African Republic (CAR). These victims have walked long distances every day in search of safety and to escape death. It is now 24 years and the LRA continues to brutalise, maim and kill hundreds of innocent civilians. They have abducted over 25,000 children and women who are forced into armed combatants or mistreated as sexual slaves. The atrocities have displaced millions of people within the Great Lakes Region and many, including women and children, continue to have to walk several kilometres barefoot each day in search of temporary safety. In 2003 over 5,000 children were forced to commute daily (‘night commuters’); each day walking barefoot for over 10 kilometres from their insecure internally displaced persons (IDP) camps to nearby town centres or hospitals in northern Uganda. This triggered two Canadian students to walk in protest and launched a worldwide movement called Gulu Walk to express solidarity with the sufferings inflicted by the LRA insurgency. Today, relative calm has returned to northern Uganda, thanks to a peace process in Juba from 2006-2008, mediated by the government of South Sudan. But the Juba peace process did not end the LRA insurgency. Instead it made them relocate to the jungles of Garamba in the Democratic Republic of Congo.

The Congolese border areas of Ri-Kwamba was agreed to be the LRA assembly point during the Juba Peace Talks. However, because of the presence of the Uganda People’s Defence Forces (UPDF), and their operations inside Sudan at the time, the LRA did not feel safe and instead scattered its forces, including its hide out in Garamba. The Juba talks had all the Agenda items (‘Cessations of Hostilities’, ‘Comprehensive Solutions to the Conflict’, ‘Accountability and Reconciliation’, ‘Permanent Cease Fire’, and ‘Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration’) signed, except the Final Peace Agreement (FPA), which was never signed. The LRA leader Joseph Kony and his commanders refused to participate directly and sign the Final Agreement whilst there were International Criminal Court (ICC) arrest warrants in place for them. In 2008 the LRA came under a joint military attack involving four different countries in the region with support from the United States of America. The LRA eluded these attackers, scattered all over DR Congo, CAR and South Sudan and are carrying out retaliatory attacks on innocent civilians from these countries who supported the joint attacks. Over 200,000 civilians have since been killed by the LRA in these attacks in DRC and CAR. Many more have been abducted and displaced. This symbolic barefoot walk calls upon the international community to cease the opportunity for peace and end the LRA insurgency. According to the organiser of the walk and its partners around the world, “’Barefoot Peace Walk’ aims to raise international awareness of LRA activity and the urgent need to disarm them. International pressure on the four countries affected by the LRA (Uganda, DR Congo, CAR, and Sudan) is needed so that they will work together to resolve this humanitarian crisis once and for all. In May this year, US President Obama signed a bill that will allow for a budget and a strategy to assist in the capture of the LRA rebels and a long term solution for the re-integration of LRA soldiers back into the communities they originated from.

Leaders of the rebel Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA) have allegedly written to the UN Secretary General to revive the stalled Ugandan-LRA peace process to end the 24-year conflicts. According to the Ugandan government-owned newspaper New Vision on 13 September 2010, “in a September 6 letter, the LRA supporters asked the UN boss to take urgent steps to bring peace talks back on track”. The letter was signed by Justine Labeja who claimed to be acting leader of the LRA peace team. While many people question how genuine this letter and request may be, or if the LRA is now committed to a peaceful and direct negotiation to end their rebellion, peacebuilders in the region recognise that dialogue provides the best possible solution to protect civilians and end the LRA insurgency. There are of course several obstacles that a peace process with the LRA will meet, for example lack of confidence and mistrust between all parties engaging with the LRA; standing ICC indictments and warrants of arrest; geo-political developments, including indictments of President Bashir and forthcoming Sudanese referendum, general and presidential elections forthcoming in Uganda, and ongoing prosecutions of LRA commanders in Uganda for war crimes. The international community, the UN, AU and ICC and all parties within the region must commit to peace and dialogue if the plights of victims of LRA atrocities are to be answered now.

This story was contributed by Nicole Fehr, Winifred Achiro and Stephen Oola. The photos were taken by Karin Brown, Kroc Intern working with the Human Rights Focus Gulu.

Walking Barefoot for Peace in Uganda Several thousands of people around the world took off their...
Is the LRA Call for New Peace Talks in Uganda Genuine? Leaders of the rebel Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA) have allegedly...
Kwoyelo’s trial and Uganda’s search for justice Civil society organisations working for peace, justice and reconciliation in...

Bangwe-Makobola Seminar for Peace

Ruairi Nolan — Tue, 21 Sep 2010 15:01:56 +0000

On Wednesday 1 September 2010, a seminar was held for the benefit of the victims of the Makobola massacres in Eastern DRC. The seminar was organized by the Association of the Makobola Massacre Survivors (ARMMK) in collaboration with five other Congolese peacebuilding organizations. Having met at the Goma Peace Exchange , the organisations decided to form a platform/network, of peacebuilders in order to consolidate the effectiveness of their conflict work and this was their first major joint undertaking.

There were 51 attendees, 15 women and 36 men and it cost a total of $900. Amongst these attendees were local leaders, local government officials and national police officers.

The theme was peace education and the peaceful resolution of conflicts, and the objectives were to sensitize the victim population to the effects of war and other human rights abuses and teach them to bury the hatchet of hatred and vengeance, and instead learn that a society free from murder is possible. They were taught that collaboration, dialogue, compromise and an exchange of ideas were necessary to overcome conflict and to stop it becoming a natural and inevitable part of everyday life. People should view their enemies as a member of their family and do everything possible to resolve a dispute peacefully.

The aim was to help the populations, who have lived through decades of violence and tensions, to become torch-bearers of non-violence and ‘priests of peace’.

The central themes dealt with at the seminar were the importance of peace, the consequences of a lack of peace (in terms of instability, loss of means, poverty etc.) and the challenges of dealing with intra and inter-community conflict. The issue of the persistence of unfounded rumours was also addressed.

People discussed their feelings and experiences using a ‘I see’, ‘I feel’, ‘I think’ framework and together developed a framework for peace. ‘Peace’ was defined as being an absence of violence, war and a climate of security. Peace was also considered as a necessary precursor for all other fields of development, and to allow children to be educated without interruption.

In terms of recommendations for the future, these included increasing the number of seminars, reflections and debates about peace, as well as inviting senior authorities and local/international organizations to come and share their experiences in Peace and Development at these seminars.

It was also suggested that the media be invited to gain coverage of ARMMK’s work on the radio and television.

The greatest problem which remained was lack of funding.

The greatest success of the seminarwas when the realisation finally hit home to the attendees that peace is indeed possible and that all conflicts do is kill. Below, we have provided a selection of images of the event.

Jacques Lumenge, founder, ARMMK. September 2010.

Association Des Rescapes Des Massacres de Makobola (ARMMK)

ARMMK focuses on developing inter-ethnic peaceful coexistence and conflict resolution at a grassroots level in DR Congo. They are made up of survivors of the Makabola Massacres.

Bangwe-Makobola Seminar for Peace On Wednesday 1 September 2010, a seminar was held for...
‘Little’ bits of work that can make a big difference In every conflict or post-conflict context there are people who,...
Local Dialogue for Peace in DR Congo PSVS are a peacebuilding organisation in DR Congo. On 28 October...

Scholarships at UPeace for Asian Peacebuilders

Ruairi Nolan — Thu, 16 Sep 2010 09:49:14 +0000

The United Nations-mandated University for Peace has announced how to apply for scholarships for its Asia Leaders Programme. This 19-month scholarship programme is being funded by The Nippon Foundation – Japan. As a dual campus programme, it is run at their main campus in Costa Rica and at the Ateneo de Manila University, and its partner university in the Philippines.

The scholarship is open to Asian peacebuilders and will cover 100% of tuition costs and include a stipend. The closing date for applications is 15 October 2010, so get your applications in soon! The programme itself will begin in April 2011.

More details on the programme and the mechanics of the application process can be found on the Upeace website, or on the following brochure:

Asia Leaders Programme (pdf)

Ruairi Nolan, Insight on Conflict, September 2010.

Enriching Democratic Practice in South Asia The Foundation for Universal Responsibility of HH The Dalai Lama invites...
Professional Development Courses in Sri Lanka The Peacebuilding & Development Institute in Sri Lanka is an...
Pan-African Peace University In 2002, a group of people connected to the Chirezi...